A Player’s Guide to Skill Checks in DnD 5e | Arcane Eye (2024)

What are skill checks?

In the 5th Edition of Dungeons and Dragons, a character’s ability to remain unseen, persuade a storekeeper to lower their price, or jump long distances are all reliant on skill checks. There are 18 skills in DnD 5e and they are broken down into subsets of different Abilities:

Making a skill check is something that should always be left up to the DM. If you want to roll an Insight (WIS) check against an NPC you think is lying, phrase your request as “can I tell if he is lying about X?” instead of “can I make an Insight check?”

How to make a skill check in DnD

When a skill check is called for by the DM, players roll a d20 and add any relevant ability score and proficiency modifiers. If, for example, the 1st level fighter from the Starter Set was asked to make a Strength (Athletics) check, they would add +5 from the STR ability modifier and +2 from their Athletics proficiency to the d20 roll.

Skill checks have a specific DC (difficulty class) that must be reached or passed in order to succeed in the skill check. These DCs are determined by the DM.

Are skill checks the same as saving throws?

While skill checks and saving throws are similar, they have significant differences. Saving throws are exclusively made in response to dangers threatening the creature, these dangers can be from a huge variety of things like falling rocks, an enemy’s spell, or poison. Saving throws are only made on the primary ability scores (Strength, Dexterity, Constitution, Intelligence, Wisdom, and Charisma), so skill proficiencies don’t play into them at all. Instead, saving throws have their own proficiencies. So, if the same 1st level fighter from the Starter Set was asked to make a Strength saving throw, they would add +5 from their STR ability modifier and +2 from the STR save proficiency to their d20 roll.

Similar to skill checks, saving throws have a DC that must be reached or passed in order to succeed. Some attacks (mainly area of effect attacks) will still apply half damage to creatures that successfully save.

What is a skill contest?

When creatures are directly opposing one another, a skill contest may be used to dictate the result. Instead of having a DC, all creatures in the contest make a skill check with the agreed-upon skill. Whoever rolls the highest after applying necessary modifiers wins the skill contest.

What is Expertise?

Some classes and feats allow characters to gain expertise in a skill. When you have expertise in a skill, you double the proficiency modifier applied to checks made with that skill. Expertise can only be gained on skills that you have proficiency with.

Features that allow your to gain expertise are:

Class Features:

• Bard and Rogue Expertise feature
• Skill Expert feat

Alternative skill checks

Keep in mind that, although the DM is the be-all end-all in terms of what skill checks can be made and when, if you are a Dexterity based Rogue it could be worth it to request to make an Acrobatics (DEX) check instead of an Athletics (STR) check in some circumstances such as climbing, jumping, or running. The Player’s Handbook has a collection of these instances where you could apply different Ability modifiers to skill checks such as:

• Swimming or running for endurance rather than speed could be made as a Constitution (Athletics) check
• Intimidating someone with your Half-Orc muscles could be a Strength (Intimidation) check
• Tying a knot correctly so that your bound prisoner can’t escape could be an Intelligence (Sleight of Hand) check

As long as you describe what you are trying to accomplish in a meaningful, descriptive way, most DMs will allow it. Please do not argue with your DM if they rule your scenario a bit too “out there”.

Skill check flowchart

We’ve whipped up a Skill Check Flowchart to help you identify which Skill will be required for which kind of action:

What Skills are available?

Acrobatics

Modifier Type: Dexterity

Situations of Use:Your Acrobatics skill encompasses your ability to stay on your feet in a tricky situation. The following are examples of when you might be asked to make an Acrobatics check:

• Running across a sheet of ice
• Balancing on a tightrope
• Staying upright on a rocking ship’s deck
• Performing acrobatic stunts, including dives, rolls, somersaults, and flips

Animal Handling

Modifier Type:Wisdom

Situations of Use:According to the PHB, Animal Handling only relates to making checks with domesticated animals. These checks might include:

• Calming down your mount if they have been frightened
• Determining if your mount could make a jump

Arcana

Modifier Type:Intelligence

Situations of Use:Your Arcana skill reflects your knowledge in the realm of spells, magic items, eldritch symbols, magical traditions, the planes of existence, and the inhabitants of those planes.

Athletics

Modifier Type: Strength

Situations of Use:Athletics encompasses your ability to succeed in difficult situations you encounter while climbing, jumping, or swimming. Examples include the following activities:

• Attempting to climb a cliff
• Clinging to a surface while something is trying to knock you off
• Jumping an unusually long distance or pulling off a stunt midjump
• Struggling to swim or stay afloat in treacherous currents or something trying to pull you underwater or otherwise interfere with your swimming

Deception

Modifier Type:Charisma

Situations of Use:Your Deception skill encompasses your ability to convincingly hide the truth, either verbally or through your actions. This deception can encompass the following:

• Trying to fast-talk a guard or con a merchant
• Passing yourself off in a disguise

History

Modifier Type:Intelligence

Situations of Use:Your History skill measures knowledge about historical events, legendary people, ancient kingdoms, past disputes, recent wars, and lost civilizations.

Insight

Modifier Type:Wisdom

Situations of Use:Your Insight skill encompasses your ability to read the true intentions of a creature, such as when searching out a lie or predicting someone’s next move.

Intimidation

Modifier Type:Charisma

Situations of Use:When you attempt to influence someone through overt threats, hostile actions, and physical violence, the DM might ask you to make an Intimidation check.

Investigation

Modifier Type:Intelligence

Situations of Use:When you look around for clues and make deductions based on those clues, you make an Investigation check. Examples would include:

• Deducing the location of a hidden object
• Discerning from the appearance of a wound what kind of weapon dealt it
• Determining the weakest point in a tunnel that could cause it to collapse

Medicine

Modifier Type:Wisdom

Situations of use:Your Medicine skill encompasses your ability to stabilize a dying companion or diagnose an illness.

Nature

Modifier Type:Intelligence

Situations of use:Your Nature skill measures your knowledge about terrain, plants and animals, the weather, and natural cycles.

Perception

Modifier Type:Wisdom

Situations of use:Your Perception skill measures your ability to spot, hear, or otherwise detect the presence of something. It measures your general awareness of your surroundings and the keenness of your senses. Examples of this would include:

• Trying to hear a conversation through a closed door, eavesdropping under an open window, or hearing monsters moving stealthily in the forest
• Spotting things that are obscured or easy to miss, such as whether there are orcs lying in ambush on a road, thugs hiding in the shadows of an alley, or candlelight under a closed secret door

Performance

Modifier Type:Charisma

Situations of use:Your Performance skill determines how well you can delight an audience with music, dance, acting, storytelling, or some other form of entertainment.

Persuasion

Modifier Type:Charisma

Situations of use:When you attempt to influence someone or a group of people with tact, social graces, or good nature, the DM might ask you to make a Persuasion check. Persuasion typically comes up over Deception when you are acting in good faith, fostering friendships, making cordial requests, or exhibiting proper etiquette.

Religion

Modifier Type:Intelligence

Situations of use:Your Religion skill measures your knowledge about deities, rites and prayers, religious hierarchies, holy symbols, and the practices of secret cults.

Sleight of Hand

Modifier Type:Dexterity

Situations of use:Sleight of Hand determines your ability to plant something on someone else without them knowing or to conceal an object on your person. The DM might also call for a Sleight of Hand check to determine whether you can lift a coin purse off another person or slip something out of another person’s pocket.

Stealth

Modifier Type:Dexterity

Situations of use:Your Stealth skill measures your ability to conceal yourself from enemies, slink past guards, slip away without being noticed, or sneak up on someone without being seen or heard.

Survival

Modifier Type:Wisdom

Situations of use:Your Survival skill encompasses your ability to survive in the treacherous wilderness. This could include:

• Following tracks of game or a monster that you are hunting
• Guiding your group through frozen wastelands
• Avoiding quicksand and other natural hazards